1 // Locale support -*- C++ -*-
2
3 // Copyright (C) 1997-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25 /** @file bits/locale_classes.h
26 * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27 * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{locale}
28 */
29
30 //
31 // ISO C++ 14882: 22.1 Locales
32 //
33
34 #ifndef _LOCALE_CLASSES_H
35 #define _LOCALE_CLASSES_H 1
36
37 #pragma GCC system_header
38
39 #include <bits/localefwd.h>
40 #include <string>
41 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
42
_GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)43 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
44 {
45 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
46
47 // 22.1.1 Class locale
48 /**
49 * @brief Container class for localization functionality.
50 * @ingroup locales
51 *
52 * The locale class is first a class wrapper for C library locales. It is
53 * also an extensible container for user-defined localization. A locale is
54 * a collection of facets that implement various localization features such
55 * as money, time, and number printing.
56 *
57 * Constructing C++ locales does not change the C library locale.
58 *
59 * This library supports efficient construction and copying of locales
60 * through a reference counting implementation of the locale class.
61 */
62 class locale
63 {
64 public:
65 // Types:
66 /// Definition of locale::category.
67 typedef int category;
68
69 // Forward decls and friends:
70 class facet;
71 class id;
72 class _Impl;
73
74 friend class facet;
75 friend class _Impl;
76
77 template<typename _Facet>
78 friend bool
79 has_facet(const locale&) throw();
80
81 template<typename _Facet>
82 friend const _Facet&
83 use_facet(const locale&);
84
85 template<typename _Cache>
86 friend struct __use_cache;
87
88 //@{
89 /**
90 * @brief Category values.
91 *
92 * The standard category values are none, ctype, numeric, collate, time,
93 * monetary, and messages. They form a bitmask that supports union and
94 * intersection. The category all is the union of these values.
95 *
96 * NB: Order must match _S_facet_categories definition in locale.cc
97 */
98 static const category none = 0;
99 static const category ctype = 1L << 0;
100 static const category numeric = 1L << 1;
101 static const category collate = 1L << 2;
102 static const category time = 1L << 3;
103 static const category monetary = 1L << 4;
104 static const category messages = 1L << 5;
105 static const category all = (ctype | numeric | collate |
106 time | monetary | messages);
107 //@}
108
109 // Construct/copy/destroy:
110
111 /**
112 * @brief Default constructor.
113 *
114 * Constructs a copy of the global locale. If no locale has been
115 * explicitly set, this is the C locale.
116 */
117 locale() throw();
118
119 /**
120 * @brief Copy constructor.
121 *
122 * Constructs a copy of @a other.
123 *
124 * @param __other The locale to copy.
125 */
126 locale(const locale& __other) throw();
127
128 /**
129 * @brief Named locale constructor.
130 *
131 * Constructs a copy of the named C library locale.
132 *
133 * @param __s Name of the locale to construct.
134 * @throw std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
135 */
136 explicit
137 locale(const char* __s);
138
139 /**
140 * @brief Construct locale with facets from another locale.
141 *
142 * Constructs a copy of the locale @a base. The facets specified by @a
143 * cat are replaced with those from the locale named by @a s. If base is
144 * named, this locale instance will also be named.
145 *
146 * @param __base The locale to copy.
147 * @param __s Name of the locale to use facets from.
148 * @param __cat Set of categories defining the facets to use from __s.
149 * @throw std::runtime_error if __s is null or an undefined locale.
150 */
151 locale(const locale& __base, const char* __s, category __cat);
152
153 /**
154 * @brief Construct locale with facets from another locale.
155 *
156 * Constructs a copy of the locale @a base. The facets specified by @a
157 * cat are replaced with those from the locale @a add. If @a base and @a
158 * add are named, this locale instance will also be named.
159 *
160 * @param __base The locale to copy.
161 * @param __add The locale to use facets from.
162 * @param __cat Set of categories defining the facets to use from add.
163 */
164 locale(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
165
166 /**
167 * @brief Construct locale with another facet.
168 *
169 * Constructs a copy of the locale @a __other. The facet @a __f
170 * is added to @a __other, replacing an existing facet of type
171 * Facet if there is one. If @a __f is null, this locale is a
172 * copy of @a __other.
173 *
174 * @param __other The locale to copy.
175 * @param __f The facet to add in.
176 */
177 template<typename _Facet>
178 locale(const locale& __other, _Facet* __f);
179
180 /// Locale destructor.
181 ~locale() throw();
182
183 /**
184 * @brief Assignment operator.
185 *
186 * Set this locale to be a copy of @a other.
187 *
188 * @param __other The locale to copy.
189 * @return A reference to this locale.
190 */
191 const locale&
192 operator=(const locale& __other) throw();
193
194 /**
195 * @brief Construct locale with another facet.
196 *
197 * Constructs and returns a new copy of this locale. Adds or replaces an
198 * existing facet of type Facet from the locale @a other into the new
199 * locale.
200 *
201 * @tparam _Facet The facet type to copy from other
202 * @param __other The locale to copy from.
203 * @return Newly constructed locale.
204 * @throw std::runtime_error if __other has no facet of type _Facet.
205 */
206 template<typename _Facet>
207 locale
208 combine(const locale& __other) const;
209
210 // Locale operations:
211 /**
212 * @brief Return locale name.
213 * @return Locale name or "*" if unnamed.
214 */
215 string
216 name() const;
217
218 /**
219 * @brief Locale equality.
220 *
221 * @param __other The locale to compare against.
222 * @return True if other and this refer to the same locale instance, are
223 * copies, or have the same name. False otherwise.
224 */
225 bool
226 operator==(const locale& __other) const throw();
227
228 /**
229 * @brief Locale inequality.
230 *
231 * @param __other The locale to compare against.
232 * @return ! (*this == __other)
233 */
234 bool
235 operator!=(const locale& __other) const throw()
236 { return !(this->operator==(__other)); }
237
238 /**
239 * @brief Compare two strings according to collate.
240 *
241 * Template operator to compare two strings using the compare function of
242 * the collate facet in this locale. One use is to provide the locale to
243 * the sort function. For example, a vector v of strings could be sorted
244 * according to locale loc by doing:
245 * @code
246 * std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), loc);
247 * @endcode
248 *
249 * @param __s1 First string to compare.
250 * @param __s2 Second string to compare.
251 * @return True if collate<_Char> facet compares __s1 < __s2, else false.
252 */
253 template<typename _Char, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
254 bool
255 operator()(const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s1,
256 const basic_string<_Char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __s2) const;
257
258 // Global locale objects:
259 /**
260 * @brief Set global locale
261 *
262 * This function sets the global locale to the argument and returns a
263 * copy of the previous global locale. If the argument has a name, it
264 * will also call std::setlocale(LC_ALL, loc.name()).
265 *
266 * @param __loc The new locale to make global.
267 * @return Copy of the old global locale.
268 */
269 static locale
270 global(const locale& __loc);
271
272 /**
273 * @brief Return reference to the C locale.
274 */
275 static const locale&
276 classic();
277
278 private:
279 // The (shared) implementation
280 _Impl* _M_impl;
281
282 // The "C" reference locale
283 static _Impl* _S_classic;
284
285 // Current global locale
286 static _Impl* _S_global;
287
288 // Names of underlying locale categories.
289 // NB: locale::global() has to know how to modify all the
290 // underlying categories, not just the ones required by the C++
291 // standard.
292 static const char* const* const _S_categories;
293
294 // Number of standard categories. For C++, these categories are
295 // collate, ctype, monetary, numeric, time, and messages. These
296 // directly correspond to ISO C99 macros LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
297 // LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME. In addition, POSIX (IEEE
298 // 1003.1-2001) specifies LC_MESSAGES.
299 // In addition to the standard categories, the underlying
300 // operating system is allowed to define extra LC_*
301 // macros. For GNU systems, the following are also valid:
302 // LC_PAPER, LC_NAME, LC_ADDRESS, LC_TELEPHONE, LC_MEASUREMENT,
303 // and LC_IDENTIFICATION.
304 enum { _S_categories_size = 6 + _GLIBCXX_NUM_CATEGORIES };
305
306 #ifdef __GTHREADS
307 static __gthread_once_t _S_once;
308 #endif
309
310 explicit
311 locale(_Impl*) throw();
312
313 static void
314 _S_initialize();
315
316 static void
317 _S_initialize_once() throw();
318
319 static category
320 _S_normalize_category(category);
321
322 void
323 _M_coalesce(const locale& __base, const locale& __add, category __cat);
324 };
325
326
327 // 22.1.1.1.2 Class locale::facet
328 /**
329 * @brief Localization functionality base class.
330 * @ingroup locales
331 *
332 * The facet class is the base class for a localization feature, such as
333 * money, time, and number printing. It provides common support for facets
334 * and reference management.
335 *
336 * Facets may not be copied or assigned.
337 */
338 class locale::facet
339 {
340 private:
341 friend class locale;
342 friend class locale::_Impl;
343
344 mutable _Atomic_word _M_refcount;
345
346 // Contains data from the underlying "C" library for the classic locale.
347 static __c_locale _S_c_locale;
348
349 // String literal for the name of the classic locale.
350 static const char _S_c_name[2];
351
352 #ifdef __GTHREADS
353 static __gthread_once_t _S_once;
354 #endif
355
356 static void
357 _S_initialize_once();
358
359 protected:
360 /**
361 * @brief Facet constructor.
362 *
363 * This is the constructor provided by the standard. If refs is 0, the
364 * facet is destroyed when the last referencing locale is destroyed.
365 * Otherwise the facet will never be destroyed.
366 *
367 * @param __refs The initial value for reference count.
368 */
369 explicit
370 facet(size_t __refs = 0) throw() : _M_refcount(__refs ? 1 : 0)
371 { }
372
373 /// Facet destructor.
374 virtual
375 ~facet();
376
377 static void
378 _S_create_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc, const char* __s,
379 __c_locale __old = 0);
380
381 static __c_locale
382 _S_clone_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc) throw();
383
384 static void
385 _S_destroy_c_locale(__c_locale& __cloc);
386
387 static __c_locale
388 _S_lc_ctype_c_locale(__c_locale __cloc, const char* __s);
389
390 // Returns data from the underlying "C" library data for the
391 // classic locale.
392 static __c_locale
393 _S_get_c_locale();
394
395 _GLIBCXX_CONST static const char*
396 _S_get_c_name() throw();
397
398 private:
399 void
400 _M_add_reference() const throw()
401 { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
402
403 void
404 _M_remove_reference() const throw()
405 {
406 // Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
407 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
408 if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
409 {
410 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
411 __try
412 { delete this; }
413 __catch(...)
414 { }
415 }
416 }
417
418 facet(const facet&); // Not defined.
419
420 facet&
421 operator=(const facet&); // Not defined.
422 };
423
424
425 // 22.1.1.1.3 Class locale::id
426 /**
427 * @brief Facet ID class.
428 * @ingroup locales
429 *
430 * The ID class provides facets with an index used to identify them.
431 * Every facet class must define a public static member locale::id, or be
432 * derived from a facet that provides this member, otherwise the facet
433 * cannot be used in a locale. The locale::id ensures that each class
434 * type gets a unique identifier.
435 */
436 class locale::id
437 {
438 private:
439 friend class locale;
440 friend class locale::_Impl;
441
442 template<typename _Facet>
443 friend const _Facet&
444 use_facet(const locale&);
445
446 template<typename _Facet>
447 friend bool
448 has_facet(const locale&) throw();
449
450 // NB: There is no accessor for _M_index because it may be used
451 // before the constructor is run; the effect of calling a member
452 // function (even an inline) would be undefined.
453 mutable size_t _M_index;
454
455 // Last id number assigned.
456 static _Atomic_word _S_refcount;
457
458 void
459 operator=(const id&); // Not defined.
460
461 id(const id&); // Not defined.
462
463 public:
464 // NB: This class is always a static data member, and thus can be
465 // counted on to be zero-initialized.
466 /// Constructor.
467 id() { }
468
469 size_t
470 _M_id() const throw();
471 };
472
473
474 // Implementation object for locale.
475 class locale::_Impl
476 {
477 public:
478 // Friends.
479 friend class locale;
480 friend class locale::facet;
481
482 template<typename _Facet>
483 friend bool
484 has_facet(const locale&) throw();
485
486 template<typename _Facet>
487 friend const _Facet&
488 use_facet(const locale&);
489
490 template<typename _Cache>
491 friend struct __use_cache;
492
493 private:
494 // Data Members.
495 _Atomic_word _M_refcount;
496 const facet** _M_facets;
497 size_t _M_facets_size;
498 const facet** _M_caches;
499 char** _M_names;
500 static const locale::id* const _S_id_ctype[];
501 static const locale::id* const _S_id_numeric[];
502 static const locale::id* const _S_id_collate[];
503 static const locale::id* const _S_id_time[];
504 static const locale::id* const _S_id_monetary[];
505 static const locale::id* const _S_id_messages[];
506 static const locale::id* const* const _S_facet_categories[];
507
508 void
509 _M_add_reference() throw()
510 { __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, 1); }
511
512 void
513 _M_remove_reference() throw()
514 {
515 // Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
516 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_refcount);
517 if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_refcount, -1) == 1)
518 {
519 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_refcount);
520 __try
521 { delete this; }
522 __catch(...)
523 { }
524 }
525 }
526
527 _Impl(const _Impl&, size_t);
528 _Impl(const char*, size_t);
529 _Impl(size_t) throw();
530
531 ~_Impl() throw();
532
533 _Impl(const _Impl&); // Not defined.
534
535 void
536 operator=(const _Impl&); // Not defined.
537
538 bool
539 _M_check_same_name()
540 {
541 bool __ret = true;
542 if (_M_names[1])
543 // We must actually compare all the _M_names: can be all equal!
544 for (size_t __i = 0; __ret && __i < _S_categories_size - 1; ++__i)
545 __ret = __builtin_strcmp(_M_names[__i], _M_names[__i + 1]) == 0;
546 return __ret;
547 }
548
549 void
550 _M_replace_categories(const _Impl*, category);
551
552 void
553 _M_replace_category(const _Impl*, const locale::id* const*);
554
555 void
556 _M_replace_facet(const _Impl*, const locale::id*);
557
558 void
559 _M_install_facet(const locale::id*, const facet*);
560
561 template<typename _Facet>
562 void
563 _M_init_facet(_Facet* __facet)
564 { _M_install_facet(&_Facet::id, __facet); }
565
566 void
567 _M_install_cache(const facet*, size_t);
568 };
569
570
571 /**
572 * @brief Facet for localized string comparison.
573 *
574 * This facet encapsulates the code to compare strings in a localized
575 * manner.
576 *
577 * The collate template uses protected virtual functions to provide
578 * the actual results. The public accessors forward the call to
579 * the virtual functions. These virtual functions are hooks for
580 * developers to implement the behavior they require from the
581 * collate facet.
582 */
583 template<typename _CharT>
584 class collate : public locale::facet
585 {
586 public:
587 // Types:
588 //@{
589 /// Public typedefs
590 typedef _CharT char_type;
591 typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;
592 //@}
593
594 protected:
595 // Underlying "C" library locale information saved from
596 // initialization, needed by collate_byname as well.
597 __c_locale _M_c_locale_collate;
598
599 public:
600 /// Numpunct facet id.
601 static locale::id id;
602
603 /**
604 * @brief Constructor performs initialization.
605 *
606 * This is the constructor provided by the standard.
607 *
608 * @param __refs Passed to the base facet class.
609 */
610 explicit
611 collate(size_t __refs = 0)
612 : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_get_c_locale())
613 { }
614
615 /**
616 * @brief Internal constructor. Not for general use.
617 *
618 * This is a constructor for use by the library itself to set up new
619 * locales.
620 *
621 * @param __cloc The C locale.
622 * @param __refs Passed to the base facet class.
623 */
624 explicit
625 collate(__c_locale __cloc, size_t __refs = 0)
626 : facet(__refs), _M_c_locale_collate(_S_clone_c_locale(__cloc))
627 { }
628
629 /**
630 * @brief Compare two strings.
631 *
632 * This function compares two strings and returns the result by calling
633 * collate::do_compare().
634 *
635 * @param __lo1 Start of string 1.
636 * @param __hi1 End of string 1.
637 * @param __lo2 Start of string 2.
638 * @param __hi2 End of string 2.
639 * @return 1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
640 */
641 int
642 compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
643 const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const
644 { return this->do_compare(__lo1, __hi1, __lo2, __hi2); }
645
646 /**
647 * @brief Transform string to comparable form.
648 *
649 * This function is a wrapper for strxfrm functionality. It takes the
650 * input string and returns a modified string that can be directly
651 * compared to other transformed strings. In the C locale, this
652 * function just returns a copy of the input string. In some other
653 * locales, it may replace two chars with one, change a char for
654 * another, etc. It does so by returning collate::do_transform().
655 *
656 * @param __lo Start of string.
657 * @param __hi End of string.
658 * @return Transformed string_type.
659 */
660 string_type
661 transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
662 { return this->do_transform(__lo, __hi); }
663
664 /**
665 * @brief Return hash of a string.
666 *
667 * This function computes and returns a hash on the input string. It
668 * does so by returning collate::do_hash().
669 *
670 * @param __lo Start of string.
671 * @param __hi End of string.
672 * @return Hash value.
673 */
674 long
675 hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const
676 { return this->do_hash(__lo, __hi); }
677
678 // Used to abstract out _CharT bits in virtual member functions, below.
679 int
680 _M_compare(const _CharT*, const _CharT*) const throw();
681
682 size_t
683 _M_transform(_CharT*, const _CharT*, size_t) const throw();
684
685 protected:
686 /// Destructor.
687 virtual
688 ~collate()
689 { _S_destroy_c_locale(_M_c_locale_collate); }
690
691 /**
692 * @brief Compare two strings.
693 *
694 * This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
695 * returned. @see compare().
696 *
697 * @param __lo1 Start of string 1.
698 * @param __hi1 End of string 1.
699 * @param __lo2 Start of string 2.
700 * @param __hi2 End of string 2.
701 * @return 1 if string1 > string2, -1 if string1 < string2, else 0.
702 */
703 virtual int
704 do_compare(const _CharT* __lo1, const _CharT* __hi1,
705 const _CharT* __lo2, const _CharT* __hi2) const;
706
707 /**
708 * @brief Transform string to comparable form.
709 *
710 * This function is a hook for derived classes to change the value
711 * returned.
712 *
713 * @param __lo Start.
714 * @param __hi End.
715 * @return transformed string.
716 */
717 virtual string_type
718 do_transform(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
719
720 /**
721 * @brief Return hash of a string.
722 *
723 * This function computes and returns a hash on the input string. This
724 * function is a hook for derived classes to change the value returned.
725 *
726 * @param __lo Start of string.
727 * @param __hi End of string.
728 * @return Hash value.
729 */
730 virtual long
731 do_hash(const _CharT* __lo, const _CharT* __hi) const;
732 };
733
734 template<typename _CharT>
735 locale::id collate<_CharT>::id;
736
737 // Specializations.
738 template<>
739 int
740 collate<char>::_M_compare(const char*, const char*) const throw();
741
742 template<>
743 size_t
744 collate<char>::_M_transform(char*, const char*, size_t) const throw();
745
746 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
747 template<>
748 int
749 collate<wchar_t>::_M_compare(const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*) const throw();
750
751 template<>
752 size_t
753 collate<wchar_t>::_M_transform(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t) const throw();
754 #endif
755
756 /// class collate_byname [22.2.4.2].
757 template<typename _CharT>
758 class collate_byname : public collate<_CharT>
759 {
760 public:
761 //@{
762 /// Public typedefs
763 typedef _CharT char_type;
764 typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;
765 //@}
766
767 explicit
768 collate_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0)
769 : collate<_CharT>(__refs)
770 {
771 if (__builtin_strcmp(__s, "C") != 0
772 && __builtin_strcmp(__s, "POSIX") != 0)
773 {
774 this->_S_destroy_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate);
775 this->_S_create_c_locale(this->_M_c_locale_collate, __s);
776 }
777 }
778
779 protected:
780 virtual
781 ~collate_byname() { }
782 };
783
784 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
785 } // namespace
786
787 # include <bits/locale_classes.tcc>
788
789 #endif
790